Bull Imagery in the ANE

From ChatGPT on 6/25/2026 Prompt: The imagery of a bull as representative of the deity was used in the ancient Near East. Was it used by the ancient Israelites in the Abraham to Moses time and later? Cite all sources in line. Response: Yes. Most historians of ancient Israel and critical biblical scholars conclude that […]

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The Maccabeeans Edited Deuteronomy?

This post contains a question/response from Tabor’s new Circle site, and below that extract is a Claude.ai Prompt/Response. 6/23/2026 – OP’s Question: What are some thoughts out there about the thought that the Maccabees heavily redacted Deuteronomy to support their legitimacy? Response by Annette Cloutier Sean, this is a fascinating line of inquiry. The Hasmoneans/Maccabeans […]

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Paul, Who Was He? Per Paula Fredriksen

6/21/2026 “Paula Fredriksen Interview” Short about Paul. Transcribed by TurboScribe from https://youtu.be/tYcifm-ATGA?si=OtadFRdlAliD5oet, YouTube date: Aug 14, 2012. We think of Paul as a Christian because we’re standing on top of 20 centuries of the development of Christianity. But if we’re interested as historians in how Paul looked at himself, it’s clear from his own letters […]

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Paul, Augustine, and the Jews

6/20/2026 – This post contains Claude.ai’s summary of the transcript (in Dropbox) of the lecture by Paula Fredriksen – Paul and Augustine on the Redemption of the Jews. Prompt: Summarize the attached lecture, identifying Paula’s understanding of Paul’s teaching and how Augustine differed or changed Paul and when they agreed. Summary: Paula Fredriksen on Paul, […]

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