Menorahs

From BAR – Another representation of the menorah that stood in the Second Temple was discovered by the late Nahman Avigad. While excavating the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem’s Old City, Avigad found a menorah graffito incised in the plaster of a house wall just 300 yards from the Temple Mount. Measuring 8 inches tall, it dates to the first century […]

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When did Judaism begin?

A: During the Hasmonean/Maccabean period, when they needed laws, and took up the laws written by the past scribes who wanted the average folks to obey, but few had done so. [my understanding] “When did Judaism begin?” is not a naive question. Every answer to this question would require presenting an acceptable definition of Judaism. […]

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Shema

Multiple responses from ChatGPT on 7/18/2025. The words of the Shema, recited daily by Jewish individuals, including rabbis, come from Deuteronomy 6:4-9, but in traditional Jewish practice, the Shema is often expanded to include several additional verses. Here’s the full text of the Shema Yisrael as it’s commonly said in daily prayers: The Shema (Deuteronomy […]

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