Basic Timeline – Monarchy to Rome

Bible Scholarship

November 24, 2024May 12, 2026tomgaston

Time Span BCE	Duration Years	Control
1047–931	116	United Monarchy
930-722	208	Divided Monarchy (208 years)
722-597	125	Assyrian Conquest and Exile
597-538	59	Babylonian Seige & Deportation
538-332	206	Persian Period
332-63	269	Hellenistic Period
323		Death of Alexander the Great
323-198	125	Ptolemaic Rule in Judea
198-167	31	Seleucid Rule in Judea
167-160	7	Maccabean/Hasmonean Revolt – still under Seleucid influence, albeit with greater autonomy.
160-142	18	A transitional time for Judea marked by political uncertainty, continued conflict with the Seleucid Empire, and a struggle for control over Judea.
142-63	79	Hasmonean Dynasty
63		Rome Takes over

Click here for an extensive Timeline of Jewish History. The table below was extracted from that page on 5/12/2026.

Date / Period	Event	People Involved	Locations	Countries / Kingdoms / Empires
9400–8800 BCE	Pre-Pottery Neolithic A settlements	Early Neolithic peoples	Jericho, Nahal Oren, Gilgal	Prehistoric Levant
8800–7000 BCE	Pre-Pottery Neolithic B settlements	Early Neolithic peoples	Jericho, Ain Ghazal, Yiftahel	Prehistoric Levant
7000–6400 BCE	Pre-Pottery Neolithic C settlements	Early Neolithic peoples	Tel Ali, Ashkelon, Hagoshrim	Prehistoric Levant
6400–5800 BCE	Pottery Neolithic / Yarmukian culture	Yarmukians	Sha'ar Hagolan, Jericho	Prehistoric Levant
c. 2000–1800 BCE	Traditional era of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob	Abraham, Isaac, Jacob	Ur/Urfa, Harran, Canaan	Canaan / Mesopotamia
c. 2000–1550 BCE	Middle Bronze Age	Patriarchal traditions	Ancient Near East	Canaanite city-states
c. 1802–1550 BCE	Egyptian Second Intermediate Period	Hyksos rulers	Northern Egypt, Avaris	Hyksos Egypt
c. 1650 BCE	Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty begins	Hyksos	Avaris, Nile Delta	Egypt
c. 1630–1530 BCE	Hyksos control northern Egypt	Hyksos rulers	Northern Egypt	Egypt
c. 1550 BCE	Hyksos expelled by Ahmose I	Ahmose I	Egypt	New Kingdom Egypt
c. 1500 or 1620 BCE	Thera (Santorini) volcanic eruption	Minoan / Aegean peoples	Santorini	Aegean region
c. 1550–1200 BCE	Late Bronze Age	Egyptians, Canaanites	Canaan, Egypt	Egyptian Empire
c. 1300–1200 BCE	Exodus and Israelite settlement traditions	Moses, Israelites	Egypt, Sinai, Canaan	Egypt / Canaan
1479–1425 BCE	Campaigns of Thutmose III	Thutmose III	Megiddo, Canaan	Egyptian Empire
c. 1457 BCE	Battle of Megiddo	Thutmose III	Megiddo	Egypt vs. Canaanite city-states
1400–1300 BCE	Amarna Period	Amenhotep III, Akhenaten	Canaan, Egypt	Egyptian Empire
14th century BCE	Amarna Letters document unrest	Local Canaanite kings	Canaan	Egyptian vassal states
1300–1200 BCE	Ramesside Period in Canaan	Seti I, Ramesses II, Merneptah	Canaan	Egyptian Empire
c. 1290 BCE	Campaigns of Seti I	Seti I	Canaan	Egyptian Empire
1279–1213 BCE	Reign of Ramesses II	Ramesses II	Egypt and Canaan	Egyptian Empire
c. 1274 BCE	Battle of Kadesh	Ramesses II, Hittites	Kadesh	Egypt / Hittite Empire
c. 1208 BCE	Merneptah Stele mentions Israel	Merneptah	Canaan	Egypt
c. 1200–1150 BCE	Late Bronze Age Collapse	Sea Peoples, Canaanites	Levant	Eastern Mediterranean states
c. 1200 BCE	Philistines settle coastal Canaan	Philistines	Gaza and coastal plain	Philistine cities
1200–1020 BCE	Period of the Judges	Deborah, Gideon, Samson, Samuel	Israel/Canaan	Tribal Israel
c. 1200–1000 BCE	Iron Age I	Early Israelites	Highlands of Canaan	Israelite tribal regions
c. 1020 BCE	Rise of monarchy under Saul	Saul	Israel	Kingdom of Israel
c. 1000 BCE	Davidic monarchy established	David	Jerusalem	United Monarchy
c. 970 BCE	Solomon succeeds David	Solomon	Jerusalem	United Monarchy
c. 930 BCE	Division of kingdoms	Rehoboam, Jeroboam	Israel and Judah	Kingdom of Israel / Kingdom of Judah
722 BCE	Assyrian conquest of northern Israel	Sargon II	Samaria	Neo-Assyrian Empire
586 BCE	Babylon destroys Jerusalem and First Temple	Nebuchadnezzar II	Jerusalem	Neo-Babylonian Empire
539 BCE	Persians conquer Babylon	Cyrus the Great	Babylon	Achaemenid Persian Empire
516 BCE	Second Temple completed	Zerubbabel	Jerusalem	Persian Yehud
332 BCE	Alexander the Great conquers region	Alexander the Great	Levant	Macedonian Empire
167–160 BCE	Maccabean Revolt	Judas Maccabeus	Judea	Seleucid Empire
63 BCE	Pompey captures Jerusalem	Pompey	Jerusalem	Roman Republic
37 BCE	Herod installed as king	Herod the Great	Judea	Roman client kingdom
c. 4 BCE–30 CE	Life of Jesus	Jesus of Nazareth	Galilee, Judea, Jerusalem	Roman Judea
c. 30–64 CE	Pauline missions and letters	Paul the Apostle	Eastern Mediterranean	Roman Empire
70 CE	Destruction of the Second Temple	Titus	Jerusalem	Roman Empire
132–136 CE	Bar Kokhba Revolt	Simon Bar Kokhba, Hadrian	Judea	Roman Empire

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